Fast Facts

Obstetric fistula is preventable and treatable. Once common throughout the world, fistula has been virtually eliminated in Europe and North America through improved obstetric care.

At least two million women are living with fistula in developing countries, with up to 100,000 new cases occurring each year. These figures are based only on the number of women seeking treatment, and are likely to be gross underestimates.

In areas with high maternal mortality, fistula may occur at a rate of two to three cases per 1,000 pregnancies. About 15 per cent of all pregnancies will result in complications that require emergency medical intervention. Only 58 per cent of women in developing countries deliver with the assistance of a professional (a midwife or doctor). Only 40 per cent give birth in a hospital or health centre.

The average cost of fistula treatment —including surgery, post-operative care and rehabilitation support — is US $300, well beyond the reach of most women with the condition. After treatment, most women can resume full lives. Prevention is the key to ending fistula.

In 2003, UNFPA launched a global Campaign to End Fistula. The Campaign is now under way in 49 countries in Africa, Asia and the Arab region. Women in sub-Saharan Africa suffer almost twice as much illness from sexual and reproductive health causes than women in the world as a whole.

Key strategies to address fistula:

• Provide access to adequate medical care for all pregnant women.
• Provide emergency obstetric care for those who develop complications.
• Increase access to education and family planning services for women and men.
• Postpone pregnancy for young girls until they are physically mature.
• Improve girls' nutrition to  minimize the risk of complications during childbirth.
• Repair physical and emotional damages through specialized interventions.